P.C.R 2 (2)

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

is a biochemical technology in molecular biology to amplify a single or a few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a

particular DNA sequence. The method relies on thermal cycling, consisting of cycles of repeated heating and cooling of the reaction for DNA melting and enzymatic replication of the

DNA. Primers (short DNA fragments) containing sequences complementary to the target region along with a DNA polymerase (after which the method is named) are key components

to enable selective and repeated amplification. As PCR progresses, the DNA generated is itself used as a template for replication, setting in motion a chain reaction in which the DNA

template is exponentially amplified. PCR can be extensively modified to perform a wide array of genetic manipulations

Applications

1-PCR allows isolation of DNA fragments from genomic DNA by selective amplification of a specific region of DNA

2-Amplification and quantification of DNA

3-In diagnosis of diseases PCR permits early diagnosis of malignant diseases such as leukemia and lymphomas also  allows rapid

and highly specific diagnosis of infectious diseases

هي طريقة مستخدمة بكثرة في البيولوجيا الجزيئية. يشتق اسمه من إحدى عناصره الأساسية وهو دنا بوليميريز والذي يستخدم لتكثير و تكوين نسخ عديدة من قطعة من الدنا من خلال تناسخ إنزيمي خارج الكائنات

الحية

التطبيقات

• استخدامات طبية على سبيل المثال في تشخيص بعض الأمراض وتحديد اعداد الفيروسات في الدم
• تحديد البصمة الجينية لشخص ما في اطار الطب الشرعي
• إثبات هوية الأب الحقيقي للمولود
• استنساخ الجينات الوراثية